A CSS stylesheet will contain many such rules, written one after the other. Presenting a document to a user means converting it into a form usable by your audience. Browsers, like Firefox, Chrome, or Edge, are designed to present documents visually, for example, on a computer screen, projector, or printer.
To read more about using alternative text with HTML, please visit the section on alternative text in our guide How To Add Images To Your Webpage Using HTML. In the next tutorial, you will add multiple properties to a CSS rule and create different CSS rules for a single HTML document. In the next tutorial, you’ll begin exploring how CSS rules are used to control the style and layout of HTML content on a webpage. Check your markup and CSS rules for extra or missing spaces, missing or misspelled tags, and missing or incorrect punctuation or characters. CSS was first introduced by Håkon Wium Lie in 1994 while working at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) alongside Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web.
/* Add space between sections */
You can also use your own image by specifying the file path as instructed in our tutorial How To Add Images To Your Webpage With HTML. CSS comprises style rules that are interpreted by the browser and then applied to the corresponding elements in your document. A style rule set consists of a selector and declaration block. In this tutorial you explored how and why to use pseudo-classes. You also experimented with applying them to text and image based HTML elements. You will use pseudo-classes to build the footer of the demonstration website if you follow the second half of this tutorial series.
It is worth remembering however that in a real site, you want to ensure that visitors know that a link is a link. Leaving the underline in place can be an important clue for people to realize that some text inside a paragraph can be clicked on — this is the behavior they are used to. As with everything in CSS, there is the potential to make the document less accessible with your changes — we will aim to highlight potential pitfalls in appropriate places.
More CSS selectors
Once you have your prerequisites ready, you will be ready to start your CSS website project in the tutorials ahead. Similarly, if a browser encounters a selector that it doesn’t understand, it will just ignore the whole rule and move on to the next one. Each element, attribute, and piece of text in the markup language becomes a DOM node in the tree structure. The nodes are defined by their relationship to other DOM nodes.
And you can use this great Intro to JS course to supplement your learning. We access each of the elements we want to work on by “selecting” them. The h1 selects all level 1 headings in the page, the h2 selects the level 2 elements, and so on. You can select any single HTML element you want and specify how you want it to look or be positioned. The rules that govern this process are called CSS selectors. You can select a single or multiple web elements and specify how you want them to look or be positioned.
Let’s pause briefly to understand each line of the code that you just added:
When a browser displays a document, it must combine the document’s content with its style information. It processes the document in a number of stages, which we’ve listed below. Bear in mind that this is a very simplified version of what happens when a browser loads a webpage, and that different browsers will handle the process in different ways. We have learned the basics of CSS, what it is for and how to write simple stylesheets.
In this module you will find out how to use the various types of gradients available in CSS. Gradients can be used to create a whole host of useful effects, without needing to create an image using a graphics application. Flexbox is a layout mechanism designed for laying out groups of items in one dimension. In this module we take a look at the most commonly used color values.
Save the file and load it in the browser. Your webpage should now have a title, subtitle, profile image, and background image:
Change the color code to the color you chose in What will my website look like?. The style definitions are normally saved in external .css files. The next step is to learn CSS, to set the layout of your web page with beautiful colors, fonts, and much more. I recently started a weekly coding challenge series aimed at teaching beginners how to program in JavaScript. If you want to get started with JavaScript, you can check out freeCodeCamp’s JavaScript Algorithms and Data Structures certification.
Now that we’ve explored some CSS fundamentals, let’s improve the appearance of the example by adding more rules and information to the style.css file. When tags like , and color attributes were added to the HTML 3.2
specification, it started a nightmare for web developers. Development of large
websites, where fonts and color information css web development were added to every single
page, became a long and expensive process. CSS is used to define styles for your web pages, including the design, layout
and variations in display for different devices and screen sizes. CSS is easy to learn and understand, but it provides powerful control over the presentation of an HTML document.
CSS Text Formatting
Once you have selected an image, save it to your images folder as small-profile.jpeg. If you save it as a different file name, you’ll need to modify the image file path in the step below. Before starting this topic, you should also be familiar with using computers and using the web passively (i.e., just looking at it, consuming the content). The final type of styling we shall take a look at in this tutorial is the ability to style things based on their state. When we style a link, we need to target the (anchor) element. This has different states depending on whether it is unvisited, visited, being hovered over, focused via the keyboard, or in the process of being clicked (activated).
- You can continue to work in styles.css locally, or you can use our interactive editor below to continue with this tutorial.
- You can use CSS to target these different states — the CSS below styles unvisited links pink and visited links green.
- This is a paragragh As you can see, I placed an empahisis on the word “paragraph”.
- Tailwind is unapologetically modern, and takes advantage of all the latest and greatest CSS features to make the developer experience as enjoyable as possible.
- CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) allows you to create great-looking web pages, but how does it work under the hood?
- At this point we’ve already looked at CSS fundamentals, how to style text, and how to style and manipulate the boxes that your content sits inside.
For instance, if a typeface doesn’t have proper rules for the Azeri language, you can force the font to use Turkish glyphs, which follow similar rules. By default, HTML’s lang attribute tells browsers to display glyphs designed specifically for that language. An example of this is when you use media queries, where you define different style rules for different kinds of screens (resolutions). And when you link together some web pages with hyperlinks, along with all their assets like images, videos, and so on that are on the server computer, it gets rendered into a website.
The padding: 40px; declaration creates 40 pixels of padding between the content and the border of the element.
If that doesn’t happen, carefully check that you’ve typed everything correctly. Ready to start building polished websites and web applications? The font-language-override property lets you override the typeface behavior for a specific language. This is useful, for example, when the typeface you’re using lacks proper support for the language.
You can apply the class of special to any element on your page that you want to have the same look as this list item. For example, you might want the in the paragraph to also be orange and bold. Try adding a class of special to it, then reload your page and see what happens.
font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
Cascading Style Sheets — or CSS — is the first technology you should start learning after HTML. While HTML is used to define the structure and semantics of your content, CSS is used to style it and lay it out. For example, you can use CSS to alter the font, color, size, and spacing of your content, split it into multiple columns, or add animations and other decorative features. CSS can be used for very basic document text styling — for example, for changing the color and size of headings and links. It can be used to create a layout — for example, turning a single column of text into a layout with a main content area and a sidebar for related information.